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Design and construction of super-long span bridges in China: Review and future perspectives

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 803-838 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0644-1

摘要： Super-long span bridges demand high design requirements and involve many difficulties when constructed, which is an important indicator to reflect the bridge technical level of a country. Over the past three decades, a large percentage of the new long-span bridges around the world were built in China, and thus, abundant technological innovations and experience have been accumulated during the design and construction. This paper aims to review and summarize the design and construction practices of the superstructure, the substructure, and the steel deck paving of the long-span bridges during the past decades as well as the current operation status of the existing long-span bridges in China. A future perspective was given on the developing trend of high-speed railway bridge, bridge over deep-sea, health monitoring and maintenance, intellectualization, standard system, and information technology, which is expected to guide the development direction for the construction of future super long-span bridges and promote China to become a strong bridge construction country.

关键词： long-span bridges steel box girder design technology construction technology review and future perspectives

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Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

GU Ming

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 51-62 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0005-3

摘要： With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.

关键词： torsional buffeting large-scale semiactive adjustable frequency building aeroelastic

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Aerodynamic stability evolution tendency of suspension bridges with spans from 1000 to 5000 m

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0980-z

摘要： Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges. Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m, we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base frequencies. Finite element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were constructed. The structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted tendencies. To analyze the aerodynamic instability, streamlined single-box section (SBS), lattice truss section (LTS), narrow slotted section (NSS), and wide slotted section (WSS) were considered. We performed three-dimensional (3-D) full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability analysis. The flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth, showing an unlimited approaching phenomenon. Regarding aerostatic instability, the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m, and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 m. Minimum aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed, indicating the probability of aerostatic instability. This study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter, and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.

关键词： suspension bridge super long-span finite element model aerodynamic instability aerodynamic configuration

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Design concept of the Twin River Bridges in Chongqing, China

Man-Chung TANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 427-431 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0134-6

摘要： The Dongshuimen Bridge over the Yangtze River and the Qiansimen Bridge over the Jialing River in Chongqing, China are located at the tip of the Yuzhong Peninsula. Together, they are called the Twin River Bridges. Both are double deck structures carrying four lanes of traffic on their upper decks and two transit tracks on their lower decks. The girders are steel truss structures with orthotropic plates and the towers are made of concrete. Aesthetics were carefully considered for the design of these bridges because of their visibility in the city and their neighboring landmarks.

关键词： long span bridges partially cable-supported girder bridge cable-stayed bridge extradosed steel truss bridge aesthetics Chongqing China

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment short & medium span bridge structural health monitoring(SHM) long-term data collection system maintenance bridge performance information technology loading vehicle(public bus) in-situ loading

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中国大跨度高速铁路桥梁技术的发展与前景

秦顺全, 高宗余

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 787-794 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.001

摘要：

中国高速铁路发展迅速，建设了大量跨越大江大河和深山峡谷的大跨度桥梁，已经建成的高铁桥梁最大跨度为630 m，正在建设中的沪通长江大桥和五峰山长江大桥跨度达1092 m。为了解决大跨度桥梁载重量大、结构刚度要求高带来的技术难题，开发了系列多功能合建桥梁建造技术，开展了三索面三主桁、斜主桁、板- 桁架组合、钢- 混凝土组合等新型结构的创新与实践，对高性能材料研发和桥梁结构整体化制造及架设技术进行了探索。

关键词：高速铁路大跨度桥梁多功能组合桥梁高性能材料三索面空间结构整体化工厂制造

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Adaptability evolution of financing systems of mega projects

Xue YAN, Longmiao GAO, Huimin LIU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期页码 258-270 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0066-8

摘要： Mega projects require large funding, which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan. In the state-oriented financing system, the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide. Since the 1980s, China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity. However, the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes. Therefore, the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews. On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory, the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments. Then, the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects, financing environments, and financing methods. The research results can enrich decision-makers’ understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.

关键词： adaptability evolution financing methods long-span bridges in China mega projects

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超大跨度斜拉桥空气静力和动力稳定性研究

张新军,孙海凌

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 50-58

摘要：

随着斜拉桥跨度的持续增长，结构更趋于轻柔，风作用下的结构稳定性已成为超千米主跨斜拉桥设计和研究的重要问题。采用大跨度桥梁三维非线性空气静力和动力稳定性分析方法，对1400m主跨的超大跨度斜拉桥进行了空气静力和动力稳定性分析，并与同等主跨的悬索桥进行对比，从抗风性能角度探讨了斜拉桥在超千米主跨桥梁中的适用性。在此基础上，分别就主梁的高度和宽度、桥塔结构型式、桥塔高跨比、边主跨比、辅助墩设置、斜拉索锚固方式等结构设计参数对超大跨度斜拉桥空气静力和动力稳定性的影响进行了分析，指出了关键的设计参数及其合理取值。结果表明：与同等主跨的悬索桥相比，斜拉桥的结构刚度更大，空气静力和动力稳定性更好，适宜采用于超千米主跨的大跨度桥梁；超大跨度斜拉桥在增大主梁高度、减小梁宽、采用倒Y形桥塔并增大塔高、减小边跨长度、边跨设置辅助墩以及部分斜拉索地锚等情况下，都可以获得比较好的空气静力和动力稳定性。

关键词：超大跨度斜拉桥空气静力稳定性空气动力稳定性设计参数

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基于气动模型的大跨度桥梁抖振与颤振的比较评估

Igor Kavrakov, Guido Morgenthal

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 823-838 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.008

摘要：

风致振动通常代表了大跨度桥梁设计的主要标准。桥梁空气动力学中的气动力主要基于准定常和线性非定常理论。本文旨在通过比较多跨斜拉桥在临界架设条件下的动力响应，进而推演出不同时域自激力与抖振力的表达式。这类混凝土箱梁桥是用于大型河流交叉口的典型参考对象。本文从模型复杂性的角度进行分析，对比了气动模型中隐含的气动参数，如气动阻尼和气动刚度、抖振力和自激力中的流体记忆、气动非线性和气动耦合等对桥梁响应的影响。选定的模型用于研究一定风速范围内的结果，该风速范围对于考虑两种湍流度情况的施工过程是典型范围。此外，还提出了一种计算包括气动导纳在内的抖振力的简化方法，避免了有理逼近。在层流流动下，也将对根据所选模型计算得到的临界颤振风速进行对比。

关键词：抖振颤振大跨度桥梁桥梁空气动力学桥梁气动弹性架设阶段

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大跨桥梁的静力学、动力学及空气动力学研究

杨永斌, 葛耀君

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.005

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Time-domain and frequency-domain approaches to identification of bridge flutter derivatives

Zhengqing CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 173-179 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0034-1

摘要： Flutter derivatives are essential for flutter analysis of long-span bridges, and they are generally identified from the vibration testing data of a sectional model suspended in a wind tunnel. Making use of the forced vibration testing data of three sectional models, namely, a thin-plate model, a nearly streamlined model, and a bluff-body model, a comparative study was made to identify the flutter derivatives of each model by using a time-domain method and a frequency-domain method. It was shown that all the flutter derivatives of the thin-plate model identified with the frequency-domain method and time-domain method, respectively, agree very well. Moreover, some of the flutter derivatives of each of the other two models identified with the two methods deviate to some extent. More precisely, the frequency-domain method usually results in smooth curves of the flutter derivatives. The formulation of time-domain method makes the identification results of flutter derivatives relatively sensitive to the signal phase lag between vibration state vector and aerodynamic forces and also prone to be disturbed by noise and nonlinearity.

关键词： long-span bridges wind-induced vibration flutter derivatives forced vibration test time-domain method frequency-domain method

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Control mode selection for modal control of long-span arch bridge

Zhengying LI, Zhengliang LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 401-406 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0052-z

摘要： For seismic control of arch bridge, a model reduction of long-span arch bridge was implemented based on modal analysis. As for the critical mode selection, an approach based on the maximum modal displacement was presented. This approach takes into consideration the effect of external seismic excitation and is more reasonable than only considering dynamic bridge characteristics based on a modal contribution ratio. The time domain and frequency domain analysis method were used to verify the simplified model of the Nimu arch bridge in Tibet as an example. The numerical results show that the method of maximal modal displacement better analyze long-span arch bridge when multisupport seismic excitation must be considered. The reduced-order system also is more in line with the performance of the original model.

关键词： selection reduced-order excitation long-span simplified

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State-of-the-art of long-span bridge engineering in China

XIANG Haifan, GE Yaojun

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 379-388 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0051-x

摘要： This paper introduces the state-of-the-art of longspan bridge engineering in China with emphases on recent long-span bridge projects, bridge deck configuration and material, design codes of long-span bridges and improvement of aero

关键词： bridge engineering state-of-the-art long-span bridge configuration improvement

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Vibration analysis of medium and small span bridges subjected to mixed marshalling freight trains

LI Qi, WU Dingjun, HUANG Xiaobin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 133-138 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0019-5

摘要： It has been reported several times that train derailment occurs when mixed marshalling freight trains traverse bridges at high speeds in China. This study aims to explain this phenomenon numerically based on the train-bridge coupling vibration theory and its associated computer program. The train-bridge vibration characteristic is analyzed by a computer program when mixed marshalling freight trains traverse 32-meter-span prestressed concrete simple beam bridges. The mechanism that dynamic responses of the bridges are prominent and that empty trains are inclined to derail are derived from the dynamic responses analysis. The analysis indicates that the significant differences of axle loads between heavy vehicles and empty vehicles produce periodic forced loadings of large amplitudes. These periodic loadings cause severe vibration of bridges. In turn, severe vibration of the bridges produces intensive counteraction to empty vehicles.

关键词： train-bridge vibration vibration characteristic associated computer train-bridge phenomenon

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大跨度混凝土连续梁桥的病害成因分析

林帆,王萍,肖开军,李伟

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 78-81

摘要：

自20世纪80年代以来，我国建成了大量大跨度预应力混凝土连续体系桥梁，取得了辉煌成就，但随着桥梁建设数量与使用年限的增加，该类桥梁在施工与运营期陆续出现一些具有共性的病害：跨中挠度过大、箱梁开裂与跨中合龙段底板剥离等，而且有些病害已经导致桥梁重大的安全事故与经济损失。文章对国内数十座桥梁出现的病害随时间变化发展的趋势、在空间上分布的形态等进行了分析。根据现有的理论研究成果，分析了腹板斜裂缝、底板纵向裂缝、合龙段底板分层等病害的形成机理，提出了控制裂缝等病害发生的措施，并说明了这些控制措施在泰州大桥预应力桥

关键词：预应力混凝土连续体系桥梁病害控制